Drugs storm hits football: Russian hackers claim nine players in Britain failed tests to leave sport's clean image in tatters

  • Fancy Bears hackers have released documents alleging 'drug use' in football
  • The group claim they are showing that the game is 'not free of doping'
  • One document shows list of players from the 2010 World Cup
  • These players have allegedly either declared use of specific medication or been handed exemptions to use certain drugs
  • Argentina has five players on list, while Germany has four; England has none
  • Fancy Bears have previously targeted Sir Bradley Wiggins and Sir Mo Farah 

It took two pithy sentences from Russian hackers to send football into turmoil on Tuesday. 

'Football players and officials unanimously affirm that this kind of sport is free of doping,' declared the cyber hackers Fancy Bears.


'Our team perceived these numerous claims as a challenge and now we will prove they are lying.'

The Fancy Bears website contained a threatening message for football over doping

The Fancy Bears website contained a threatening message for football over doping

WHAT ARE THERAPEUTIC USE EXEMPTIONS (TUE) AND DECLARATIONS OF USE (DOU)? 

Therapeutic use exemptions are granted to athletes and sportsmen with health conditions that require them to take normally banned drugs.

These allow them to take substances found on the WDA's prohibited list without fear of punishment.

The exemptions, which often attract controversy, have previously been granted to cyclists who say they have asthma.

Another sport that has seen several exemptions granted is MMA (mixed martial arts).

Some fighters have been allowed to take steroids because of low testosterone.

Declarations of Use were required for certain banned medications prior to 2011 however since then WADA only requires athletes to note therapeutic medicine use on anti-doping control forms. 

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And so the sport discovered it is not immune from the kind of revelations about drugs which have shattered cycling and athletics over the past 12 months.

The hackers, who are pro-Russian state, were selective with their football doping leaks. Conspicuous by its absence was any mention of Russian football doping uncovered by Canadian lawyer Richard McLaren, whose work revealed at least 34 cases that are being investigated by FIFA.

But the fragmented disclosures did debunk the far-fetched notion that football has no problem. They revealed that nine footballers playing in Britain are among 160 worldwide who failed drugs tests in 2015. They posed questions of Argentina's 2010 World Cup campaign, for which no fewer than five of the squad needed a therapeutic use exemption (TUE) — a medical note allowing the use of an otherwise-banned substance.

Carlos Tevez, Diego Milito, Juan Sebastian Veron, Gabriel Heinze and Walter Samuel all had TUEs ahead of the squad's disastrous 4-0 quarter-final exit to Germany. Four members of the Germany squad were named in the document. No England players were named. These TUEs do not imply wrongdoing.

Carlos Tevez, in action for Argentina in 2010, is named in leaked documents as exempted to use the steroid Betamethasone during the World Cup tournament that year

Carlos Tevez, in action for Argentina in 2010, is named in leaked documents as exempted to use the steroid Betamethasone during the World Cup tournament that year

Holland's Dirk Kuyt is another player who the Fancy Bears claim was using banned medication during the tournament in South Africa
Mario Gomez of Germany is also named in the list of players allegedly using medication

Holland's Dirk Kuyt (left) and Mario Gomez of Germany are two other players who the Fancy Bears claim were exempted to use banned medication during the tournament in South Africa

FULL LIST OF PLAYERS NAMED AS TAKING BANNED MEDICATION AT 2010 WORLD CUP 

ALGERIA

Ryad Boudebouz - Triamcinolone (TUE)

Karim Matmour - Formoterol (TUE), Salbutamol, Budesonide (DoU)

ARGENTINA

Diego Milito - Formoterol (TUE), Salbutamol, Budesonide, Betametasone (DoU)

Carlos Tevez - Betamethasone (DoU)

Juan Veron - Betamethasone (DoU)

Gabriel Heinze - Betamethasone (DoU)

Samuel Watter - Betamethasone (DoU)

CHILE

Fabian Ariel Orellana Valenzuela - Salbutamol (DoU)

Humberto Andres Suazo Pontivo - Platelet derived preparation, intramuscular (TUE)

IVORY COAST

Kanga Salbutamol Akale (DoU)

GERMANY

Christian Trasch - Salburtamol, Budesonid, Viani (TUE)

Mario Gomez - Salbutamol (TUE)

Hans-Jorg Butt - Formoterol, Salbutamol (TUE)

Dennis Aogo - Salbutamol (TUE)

GREECE

Georgios Tzavellas - Betamethasone (TUE)

Pantelis Kapetanos - Celestone (DoU)

ITALY

Vicenzo Iaquinta - Betamethasone (TUE)

Mauro Camoranesi - Triamcinolone, Xylocaine (DoU)

HOLLAND

Dirk Kuyt - Dexamethasone (TUE)

NEW ZEALAND

Tim Brown - Dexamethasone, Fentanyl, Sevredol (TUE)

Costa Barbarouses - Triamcinolone (DoU)

Ryan Nelson - Prednisone (TUE)

SLOVAKIA

Martin Jakubko - Budesonide (DoU)

SLOVENIA

Marco Suler - Formoterol (TUE) Salbutamol (DoU)

USA

Heath Pearce - Salbutamol (DoU) 

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The numbers of British-based players who failed tests is not disturbingly long and is dominated by recreational drugs, rather than performance-enhancing products. Fancy Bears don't name the nine British cases from 2015, but Jose Baxter, then of Sheffield United, took ecstasy, while Jake Livermore (then of Hull City) and Aaron McCarey, then of Wolverhampton Wanderers, both took cocaine.

A fourth player, Brentford's Alan Judge, was found to have used an inhaler containing prohibited asthma drug salbutamol. He received a warning but no ban.

Emails sent by FA head of integrity Jenni Kennedy to Alexis Weber, FIFA's head of medical and anti-doping, also revealed that Middlesbrough's George Friend had received triamcinolone, which can aid rapid weight loss in sport, before the team's game at Stoke in March this year. But UK Anti- Doping ruled that no anti-doping rule violation had occurred after the 29-year-old provided medical evidence that he had been given the corticosteroid for legitimate reasons.

Ms Kennedy's letters to FIFA also identified Gillingham's Zesh Rehman as having been found to have received another drug – prednisolone – before the club's home match with Southend United in February this year, though he also had a TUE.

Two players from National League North side North Ferriby United tested positive for oxandrolone out of competition and had been suspended ahead of possible charges against them, the FA told FIFA.

One eyebrow-raising fact from the 2015 data is 27 Mexicans testing positive for the anabolic steroid clenbuterol. There were also 12 positive tests from Brazil in 2015 but some may have been multiple tests on one player. Analysis of the Brazil national team's matches in 2015 suggested that the positive tests did not relate to members of the squad.

There is no silver bullet, of the kind the Fancy Bears could lay claim to when they first hacked World Anti-Doping Agency files in September last year and found Sir Bradley Wiggins received TUEs for triamcinolone ahead of three of his most important races in 2011, 2012 and 2013. Wiggins insisted he had used the drug out of medical necessity because of a pollen allergy which aggravated his asthma.

But the scrutiny will still shake football, with the global numbers demonstrating that the financial gains on offer will persuade some to cheat. Detection systems are nowhere near exhaustive.

And this is the sport which saw Manchester City fined a mere £35,000 this year for failing to keep the FA's drug-testing unit informed of the whereabouts of their players at all times, so officials could carry out random testing.

The FA expressed disappointment at the leaking of confidential information. Gordon Taylor, chief executive of the PFA, said: 'It is a massive worry that this has been leaked.' A WADA spokesman said: 'This criminal activity, which seeks to undermine the TUE program and the work of WADA and its partners in the protection of clean sport, is a clear violation of athletes' rights.'

Jake Livermore, then at Hull City, tested positive in 2015 for the recreational drug cocaine

Jake Livermore, then at Hull City, tested positive in 2015 for the recreational drug cocaine

WADA OFFICIAL STATEMENT

The World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) is aware that, today, cyber espionage group 'Fancy Bear' once again released information; in particular, confidential athlete data regarding Therapeutic Use Exemptions (TUEs) on its website.

As WADA takes data privacy very seriously, the Agency immediately examined the information; and, was quickly able to determine that it is not housed in WADA's Anti-Doping Administration & Management System (ADAMS).

Stakeholders can rest assured that ADAMS remains secure.

We take this opportunity to reiterate that the TUE process is a means by which an athlete can obtain approval to use a prescribed prohibited substance or method for the treatment of a legitimate medical condition. The TUE program is a rigorous and necessary part of elite sport, which has overwhelming acceptance from athletes, physicians and all anti-doping stakeholders worldwide.

This criminal activity undertaken by the cyber espionage group, which seeks to undermine the TUE program and the work of WADA and its partners in the protection of clean sport, is a clear violation of athletes' rights. 

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Sir Mo Farah was targeted by the Fancy Bears in past leaks but was subsequently exonerated

Sir Mo Farah was targeted by the Fancy Bears in past leaks but was subsequently exonerated

Sir Bradley Wiggins has had his use of medication called into question after Fancy Bears leaks. He was subsequently shown to be entitled to use his asthma medication

Sir Bradley Wiggins has had his use of medication called into question after Fancy Bears leaks. He was subsequently shown to be entitled to use his asthma medication

WHO ARE THE FANCY BEARS? 

The Fancy Bears' Hack Team are a group of computer hackers believed to be loosely affiliated with the Russian government.

Their targets show they are seeking to alleviate pressure on Russia over its systematic sporting drug use by demonstrating how other athletes and sportsmen and women have taken banned drugs.

Last year the group targeted US athletes, saying: 'We announce the start of #OpOlympics. We are going to tell you how Olympic medals are won. We hacked World Anti-Doping Agency databases and we were shocked with what we saw.'

However, organistations and individuals targeted have questioned the validity of some of the group's claims, suggesting documents had been forged or changed.

Fancy Bears' website also carries the slogan of the hacking group Anonymous – 'We are Anonymous. We are Legion. We do not forgive. We do not forget. Expect us.'  

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